1. 3 types of tenses:
Present
Past
Future
2. All the three types have usually a direct relation with verb (action word).
3. Four sub types:
Indefinite,
Continuous,
Perfect,
Perfect Continuous.
"PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE"
1st form of VERB is used.
For a 'singular' subject, 's/es' is added in the end of the verb.
Example:
1. He runs.
2. Khalid writes.
3. She goes.
For a 'plural' subject, NO 's/es' is added.
Example:
1. I read a book.
2. We play cricket.
3. They write an application.
The use of 'verb' is not particularly defined when describing a habit, a universal phenomenon, universal truth, quoting something, etc.
1. She takes tea twice a day.
2. The Muslims bury the dead.
3. Honesty is the best policy.
4. The snake bites man.
5. Columbus discovers America.
6. The Quran says: Allah is aware of what we are doing.
-To make a sentence 'negative', e add 'does not' to a 'singular verb' and 'do not' to a 'plural' verb.
1. He does not play football.
2. You do not obey my orders.
.
"The Present Continuous Tense"
-Formation: is+verb (1st form)+'ing' in the end of the verb.
-Denotes the continual action or the progress of some work (which has not yet ended).
-We add 'is' when there is a singular subject (he, she, it, boy, girl, baby, etc) and 'are' is add when there is a plural subject (we, they, them, you, etc).
-Note that is an assertive sentence/simple sentence, 'is' and 'are' are used after the subject and before the verb.
-Examples:
1. He is sitting.
2. The baby is playing with the ball.
3. You are playing a satisfactory role.
4. They are working.
5. The crowd is going out of control.
.
-When making a negative sentence, we add not after 'is' or 'are'.
-Example:
1. You are not doing your work in a proper manner.
2. We are not playing the game.
3. He is not a boy who keeps good company.
4. Nadira is not feeling well today.
-“The Present Perfect Tense”
-Formation: has/have+verb (3rd form)
-Gives an understanding about the completion of some work which was done in the past.
-We add 'has' when there is a singular subject (he, she, it, boy, girl, baby, etc) and 'have' is added when there is a plural subject (we, they, them, you, etc).
-Note that is an assertive sentence/simple sentence, 'has' and 'have' are used after the subject and before the verb.
-Examples:
1. He has slept.
2. The lady has no greed for material.
3. They always have an excuse for their careless attitude.
4. All the peons have a holiday today.
-In the case when;
My neighbour’s horse has died.
-Here ‘has’ comes instead of ‘have’ because the control is being transferred to the ‘horse (singular)’ instead of neighbours' (plural)’.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after 'has' or 'have'.
-Examples:
1. The man has not milked the cow.
2. He has not bought a dozen eggs.
3. I have not sent him a telegram.
4. They have not obeyed the rules of the institution
“The Present Perfect Continuous Tense”
-Formation: has/have+been+ verb (1st form)+ing
-Gives an understanding about the work which started in the past and is still continued even till now.
-We add 'has' when there is a singular subject (he, she, it, boy, girl, baby, etc) and 'have' is added when there is a plural subject (we, they, them, you, etc).
-Note that is an assertive sentence/simple sentence, 'has' and 'have' are used after the subject and just before ‘been’ followed by the verb (+ing).
-Examples:
1. He has been sleeping.
2. The lady has not been working for the whole day.
3. They have always been excusing for their careless attitude.
4. You have been fasting during the month of Ramdan.
-In the case when;
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after 'has' or 'have' and before ‘been’ followed by verb (+ing).
-Examples:
1. The man has not been milking the cow.
2. He has not been buying the eggs.
3. I have not been sending him a telegram.
4. They have not been obeying the rules of the institution.
-“The Past Indefinite Tense”
-Formation: 2nd FORM of the VERB
-Gives an understanding about the work which has ended in the past.
-The 2nd FORM of the VERB is used, irrespective of the fact that there is a singular subject or a plural subject.
-Examples:
1. He played.
2. The maid washed the clothes all day long.
3. They gave lame excuses for their carelessness.
4. You disobeyed my orders.
-In the case when.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'did not' after the subject and before the VERB.
-When a negative sentence is constructed, we DO NOT use 2nd FORM of the VERB after the addition of ‘didn’t’.
-Examples:
1. He did not complete his assignment.
2. The baby did not cry today morning.
3. You did not buy that cutlery.
4. They did not watch the movie.
-“The Past Continuous Tense”
-Formation: was/were+ present participle
-Gives an understanding about the work which was being done in the past.
-‘was’ is used with the singular subject (I, he, she, it, etc.) and ‘were’ is used with the plural subject (they, them, their, you, etc.)
-Examples:
1. He was playing billiards.
2. The maid was washing the clothes.
3. They were giving lame excuses for their carelessness.
4. You were disobeying my orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘was/were’ and before the ‘present participle’.
-Examples:
1. He was not completing his assignment.
2. The baby was not crying with pain.
3. You were not buying that cutlery.
4. They were not watching the movie.
-“The Past Perfect Tense”
-Formation: had + 3rd form of the VERB
-Gives an understanding about the work which had been completed in the past.
-‘had’ is used with both, the singular and plural subjects.
-Examples:
1. He had played billiards.
2. The maid had washed the clothes.
3. They had given lame excuses for their carelessness.
4. You had disobeyed my orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘had and before the ‘VERB (3rd form).
-Examples:
1. He had not completed his assignment.
2. The baby had not cried with pain.
3. You had not bought that cutlery.
4. They had not watched the movie.
-“The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”
-Formation: had been + present participle (-ing)
-Gives an understanding about the work which had started in the past and is still in progress.
-‘had been’ is used with both, the singular and plural subjects.
-Examples:
1. He had been playing billiards.
2. The maid had been washing the clothes.
3. They had been giving lame excuses for their carelessness.
4. You had been disobeying my orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘had’ and before ‘been’.
-Examples:
1. He had not been completing his assignment.
2. The baby had not been crying with pain.
3. You had not been buying that cutlery.
4. They had not been watching the movie.
“The Future Indefinite Tense”
-Formation: will/shall + 1st FORM of VERB
-Gives an understanding about the work which will/is going to happen in the future.
-‘shall’ is used only when there comes ‘I’ or ‘We’.
-‘will’ is used with all the other nouns or pronouns whether they are singular and plural (EXCEPT ‘I’ or ‘We’).
-Examples:
1. The maid will wash the clothes.
2. They will give lame excuses for their carelessness.
3. I shall play billiards.
4. We shall obey his orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘will/shall’ and before ‘VERB (1st FORM)’.
-Examples:
1. He will not complete his assignment.
2. The will not tolerate him anymore.
3. I shall not disobey my elder brother.
4. We shall not hide the truth.“The Future Continuous Tense”
-Formation: will be/shall be + Present Participle (-ing)
-Gives an understanding about the work which will be done in the future.
-‘shall be’ is used only when there comes ‘I’ or ‘We’.
-‘will be’ is used with all the other nouns or pronouns whether they are singular and plural (EXCEPT ‘I’ or ‘We’).
-Examples:
1. The maid will be washing the clothes.
2. They will be giving lame excuses for their carelessness.
3. I shall be playing billiards.
4. We shall be obeying his orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘will/shall’ and before ‘be’.
-Examples:
1. He will not be completing his assignment.
2. They will not be tolerating him anymore.
3. I shall not be disobeying my elder brother.
4. We shall not be hiding the truth.
“The Future Perfect Tense”
-Formation: will have/shall have + Past Participle
-Gives an understanding about the work which would have ended before the start of some other work in the future.
-‘shall have’ is used only when there comes ‘I’ or ‘We’.
-‘will have’ is used with all the other nouns or pronouns whether they are singular and plural (EXCEPT ‘I’ or ‘We’).
-Examples:
1. The maid will have washed the clothes.
2. They will have given lame excuses for their carelessness.
3. I shall have played billiards.
4. We shall have obeyed his orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘will/shall’ and before ‘have’.
-Examples:
1. He will not have completed his assignment.
2. They will not have tolerated him anymore.
3. I shall not have disobeyed my elder brother.
4. We shall not have hid the truth.
“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense”
-Formation: will have been/shall have been + Present Participle
-Gives an understanding about the work which will start in the future and will be continuous afterwards as well.
-‘since’ is added for the ‘point of time’; since morning.
-‘for’ is added for the ‘period of time’; for two hours.
-‘shall have been’ is used only when there comes ‘I’ or ‘We’.
-‘will have been’ is used with all the other nouns or pronouns whether they are singular and plural (EXCEPT ‘I’ or ‘We’).
-Examples:
1. The maid will have been washing the clothes.
2. They will have been giving lame excuses for their carelessness.
3. I shall have been playing billiards.
4. We shall have been obeying his orders.
-When making a negative sentence, we add 'not' after ‘will/shall’ and before ‘have’.
-Examples:
1. He will not have been completing his assignment.
2. They will not have been tolerating him anymore.
3. I shall not have been disobeying my elder brother.
4. We shall not have been hiding the truth.
